Antibiotics

Several antibiotics are known to be potential causes of mania. Based on other evidence, mania may be attributable to a defcit of circadian rhythm-modulating adenosine (Ao) and an excess of grandiose delusion-inducing guanosine (Go). IMG

Many antibiotics are notably hypoxanthine (i)-similar and may be PNP inhibitors, increasing Go.

A mutation in the enzyme that converts Go to g, Xo to x, and Io to i bestows antibiotic resistance PMID 33878133 IMG

Lyme disease is often the proposed etiology of a variety of non-specific symptoms including pain and depressed mood, and is often treated with long-term doxycycline XXXX, which has a clear i-similar chemical structure.  IMG

Doxycicline was found early to affect Covid: other drugs were screened for similar effect. Paxil, with its inosine-similarity, was also identified as strongly impacting Covid.  IMG

Isoniazid is a hypoxanthine (i)-similar antibiotic which sometimes induced mania: iproniazid was developed as a tuberculosis treatment launched the monoamine hypothesis as a MAOI that showed notable serotonergic stimulation. Other MAOIs approved to treat depression (including phenelzine, selegiline, and tranylcypromine) have notable guanine-similarity, although isocarboxazid also includes a hypoxanthine structure. IMG

Isoniazid is a hypoxanthine (i)-similar antibiotic which can potentiate hydralazine-induced seizures in rats 7259797